extraction-and-analysis-of-microbial-phospholipid-fatty-acids-in-soils

Extraction and Analysis of Microbial Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Soils

Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) are key components of microbial cell membranes. The analysis of PLFAs extracted from soils can provide information about ...

We examined how tannin structure influences reactivity in tannin assays and carbon and nitrogen mineralization. Condensed tannins from the foliage of ten tree and shrub species and from pecan shells (Carya illinoensis) had different proportions of: (a) epicatechin (cis) and catechin (trans) isomers, (b) procyanidin (PC) and prodelphinidin (PD) monomers, and (c) different chain lengths. The response of each tannin to several widely used tannin assays was determined. Although there was some variation in response to proanthocyanidin (butanol/HCl) and Folin Ciocalteu assays, we did not deduce any predictable relationship between tannin structure and response to either assay. There was little variation in protein precipitation among the different tannins. To assess biological activity, six of the tannins were incubated with forest humus for 22 days. We determined that, while PC-based tannins remained at least partly extractable for the duration of the incubation, tannins with a high proportion of PD subunits rapidly became unextractable from soil. There was a positive correlation between net nitrogen mineralization and cis chemical structure. Carbon mineralization was enhanced initially by the addition of tannins to humus, but after 22 days, a negative correlation between the proportion of cis subunits and respiration was determined. Overall, we were not able to demonstrate consistent effects of structure on either microbial mineralization or reactivity to chemical assays; such relationships remain elusive.

The influence of condensed tannin structure on rate of microbial mineralization and reactivity to chemical assays.

Enriching plant tissues with (13)C and (15)N isotopes has provided long-lasting, non-reactive tracers to quantify rates of terrestrial elemental fluxes (e.g., soil organic matter decomposition). However, the molecular location and level of isotope enrichment may differ among plant tissues. This factor is central to the integrity and interpretation of tracer data, but is seldom considered in experiments. We propose a rapid, non-destructive method to quantify molecular isotope allocation using solid-state (13)C and (15)N nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. With this method, we tracked and quantified the fate of multiple pulses of (13)CO(2)(g) and K (15)NO(3)(l) in boreal tree seedling roots and leaves as a function of time. Results show that initial preferential (13)C carbohydrate enrichment in the leaves was followed by redistribution to more complex compounds after seven days. While (13)C allocation within the roots was uniform across molecules, (15)N results indicate an initial enrichment of amine molecules after two hours.

Article	Year
The influence of condensed tannin structure on rate of microbial mineralization and reactivity to chemical assays. Journal of chemical ecology\| PubMed ID: 21340461	2011
Tracking stable isotope enrichment in tree seedlings with solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Scientific reports\| PubMed ID: 23056911	2012
Extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the pancreatic head. The American surgeon\| PubMed ID: 23896237	2013

Charlotte E. Norris

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