anatomically-inspired-three-dimensional-micro-tissue-engineered

Anatomically Inspired Three-dimensional Micro-tissue Engineered Neural Networks for Nervous System Reconstruction, Modulation, and Modeling

Functional recovery rarely occurs&#160;following injury or disease-induced degeneration within the central nervous system (CNS)&#160;due to the inhibitory ...

Using the scale invariance of classical photometry, we develop an approach to finding the photometric function of prefractal structures that form a random topography. The photometric function of the prefractal surfaces is found as the general solution of the resulting differential equation in partial derivatives. The function depends on two parameters: the number of hierarchical levels of the prefractal structures and the roughness parameter of the single-level generation. As a limiting case, the approach includes our previous theory that considered fractoids.

Classical photometry of prefractal surfaces.

We develop a modification of the T-matrix method that allows for fast calculations of scattering properties of particles with irregular shapes. This modification uses the so-called Sh matrices, the elements of which depend on the shape of particles and do not depend on the particle size or optical constants; i.e., the introduction of Sh matrices makes possible the separation of these parameters within the T-matrix algorithm. For a given shape of a scattering object we calculate the Sh matrices only once and then can quickly calculate the T-matrix elements for a number of sizes and refractive indices. This, in particular, can provide rapid particle-size and refractive index averaging in a particle ensemble. This separation is useful for the derivation of an analytical light-scattering solution for Chebyshev particles.

Analytical light-scattering solution for Chebyshev particles.

An asymptomatic enlargement of the medial clavicle is a condition that is often both missed and misdiagnosed. We review the most common causes of an isolated and asymptomatic enlargement of the medial clavicle. Underlying aetiologies include osteoarthritis of the sternoclavicular joint, condensing osteitis, spontaneous dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint, and sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis. Key points in the history and physical examination as well as characteristic radiographic findings are sufficient for correct diagnoses. Treatment is conservative.

Asymptomatic enlargement of the clavicle: a review of underlying aetiologies.

To determine factors affecting duration of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in pediatric patients.

Factors affecting duration of chronic fatigue syndrome in pediatric patients.

Dermatologic presentations of orthopedic diseases are commonly encountered in the dermatology clinic. These disorders often necessitate prompt recognition in order to properly refer for definitive treatment as well as to avoid unnecessary diagnostic procedures. As such, the presentations of these diseases as well as the treatments available deserve special attention. This review aims to identify orthopedic diseases with dermatologic presentations and discuss the diagnosis and treatment of these pathologies. In conducting this review, a comprehensive literature search was conducted. Our inquiry was limited to conditions with a unitary orthopedic etiology. By excluding syndromic dysfunctions with both orthopedic and dermatologic manifestations, we were able to create a consistent approach to the review. At the same time, such exclusions created an omission of many important disease processes that require the cooperation of orthopedists and dermatologists. In all, 19 orthopedic disorders and disorder classes with dermatologic findings were identified and carefully examined. The orthopedic pathologies identified require varying diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. While some do not warrant further work-up or referral, the disease course of certain pathologies is drastically altered by timely recognition, cautious diagnostic interrogation, and prompt referral.

Dermatologic presentations of orthopedic pathologies: a review of diagnosis and treatment.

The evaluation and management of hemodynamically stable patients with penetrating neck injury has evolved considerably over the previous four decades. Algorithms developed in the 1970s focused on anatomic neck "zones" to distinguish triage pathways resulting from the operative constraints associated with very high or very low penetrations. During that era, mandatory endoscopy and angiography for Zone I and III penetrations, or mandatory neck exploration for Zone II injuries, became popularized, the so-called "selective approach." Currently, modern sensitive imaging technology, including computed tomographic angiography (CTA), is widely available. Imaging triage can now accomplish what operative or selective evaluation could not: a safe and noninvasive evaluation of critical neck structures to identify or exclude injury based on trajectory, the key to penetrating injury management. In this review, we discuss the use of CTA in modern screening algorithms introducing a "No Zone" paradigm: an evidence-based method eliminating "neck zone" differentiation during triage and management. We conclude that a comprehensive physical examination, combined with CTA, is adequate for triage to effectively identify or exclude vascular and aerodigestive injury after penetrating neck trauma. Zone-based algorithms lead to an increased reliance on invasive diagnostic modalities (endoscopy and angiography) with their associated risks and to a higher incidence of nontherapeutic neck exploration. Therefore, surgeons evaluating hemodynamically stable patients with penetrating neck injuries should consider departing from antiquated, invasive algorithms in favor of evidence-based screening strategies that use physical examination and CTA.

Penetrating neck trauma: a review of management strategies and discussion of the 'No Zone' approach.

There is limited literature comparing different functional outcome measures used for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).

Functional outcome instruments used for cervical spondylotic myelopathy: interscale correlation and prediction of preference-based quality of life.

Intracranial vasculopathy in adult patients with human-acquired immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a rare but increasingly recognized disease entity.

Aneurysmal vasculopathy in human-acquired immunodeficiency virus-infected adults: Imaging case series and review of the literature.

Open versus endonasal resection of orbital apex (OA) tumors is generally based on tumor size, location, and pathology. For endonasal resection, two- and four-handed techniques have been reported, but whether one technique is more optimal based on these tumor features has not been evaluated.

Two- versus four-handed techniques for endonasal resection of orbital apex tumors.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) represent a complex pathologic entity in terms of their associated angioarchitecture and blood flow dynamics.

Three-Dimensional Printed Modeling of an Arteriovenous Malformation Including Blood Flow.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurs in 1-11% of endoscopic Draf III, or endoscopic modified Lothrop, procedures. CSF leak can occur during surgery during a superior nasal septectomy. This study investigated whether the posterior edge of the nasofrontal beak (NFB) at the level of the internal frontal ostium is a safe landmark to use to avoid skull base injury when beginning the superior septectomy.

The nasofrontal beak: A consistent landmark for superior septectomy during Draf III drill out.

OBJECTIVE Endoscopic surgery has revolutionized surgery of the ventral skull base but has not yet been widely adopted for use in the cerebellopontine angle. Given the relatively normal anatomy of the cerebellopontine angle in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN), the authors hypothesized that a fully endoscopic microvascular decompression (E-MVD) might provide pain outcomes equivalent to those of microscopic MVD (M-MVD) but with fewer complications. METHODS The authors conducted a single-institution, single-surgeon retrospective study with patients treated in the period of 2006-2013. Before surgery, all patients completed a questionnaire that included a validated multidimensional pain-outcome tool, the Penn Facial Pain Scale (PFPS, formerly known as Brief Pain Inventory-Facial), an 11-point scale that measures pain intensity, interference with general activities of daily living (ADLs), and facial-specific ADLs. Using a standardized script, independent research assistants conducted follow-up telephone interviews. RESULTS In total, 167 patients were available for follow-ups (66.5% female; 93 patients underwent M-MVD and 74 underwent E-MVD). Preoperative characteristics (i.e., TN classification, PFPS components, and medication use) were similar for the 2 surgical groups except for 2 variables. Patients in the M-MVD group had slightly higher incidence of V3 pain, and the 2 groups differed in the date of surgery and hence in the length of follow-up (2.4 years for the M-MVD group and 1.3 years for the E-MVD group, p < 0.05). There was a trend toward not finding neurovascular conflict at the time of surgery more frequently in the M-MVD than in the E-MVD group (11% vs 7%, p = 0.052). Internal neurolysis was more often performed in the E-MVD group (26% vs 7%, p = 0.001). The 2 groups did not significantly differ in the length of the MVD procedure (approximately 2 hours). Self-reported headaches at 1 month postoperatively were present in 21% of the patients in the M-MVD group versus 7% in the E-MVD group (p = 0.01). Pain outcomes at the most recent followup were equivalent, with patients reporting a 5- to 6-point (70%-80%) improvement in pain intensity, a 5-point (85%) improvement in pain interference with ADLs, and a 6-point (85%) improvement in interference with facial-specific ADLs. Actuarial freedom from pain recurrence was equivalent in the 2 groups, with 80% pain control at 3 years. CONCLUSIONS Both the fully endoscopic MVD and the conventional M-MVD appear to provide patients with equivalent pain outcomes. Complication rates were also similar between the groups, with the exception of the rate of headaches, which was significantly lower in the E-MVD group 1 month postoperatively.

Endoscopic versus microscopic microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: equivalent pain outcomes with possibly decreased postoperative headache after endoscopic surgery.

The ideal neuroprosthetic interface permits high-quality neural recording and stimulation of the nervous system while reliably providing clinical benefits over chronic periods. Although current technologies have made notable strides in this direction, significant improvements must be made to better achieve these design goals and satisfy clinical needs. This article provides an overview of the state of neuroprosthetic interfaces, starting with the design and placement of these interfaces before exploring the stimulation and recording platforms yielded from contemporary research. Finally, we outline emerging research trends in an effort to explore the potential next generation of neuroprosthetic interfaces.

The Evolution of Neuroprosthetic Interfaces.

Intraneural arachnoid cyst is an extremely rare etiology of isolated cranial nerve palsy. Although seldom encountered in clinical practice, this pathology is amenable to surgical intervention. Correct identification and treatment of the cyst are required to prevent permanent nerve damage and potentially reverse the deficits. We describe a rare case of isolated third nerve palsy caused by an intraneural arachnoid cyst.

De Novo Intraneural Arachnoid Cyst Presenting with Complete Third Nerve Palsy: Case Report and Literature Review.

Pediatric cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) is an important, though less common subtype of pediatric stroke. It has been linked to several risk factors, including cranial procedures, with few studies highlighting this relationship. The aim of this study was to characterize the diagnosis and treatment of CSVT after cranial surgery.

Article	Year
Classical photometry of prefractal surfaces. Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision\| PubMed ID: 14620336	2003
Analytical light-scattering solution for Chebyshev particles. Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision\| PubMed ID: 17361298	2007
Asymptomatic enlargement of the clavicle: a review of underlying aetiologies. Acta orthopaedica Belgica\| PubMed ID: 21302566	2010
Factors affecting duration of chronic fatigue syndrome in pediatric patients. Indian journal of pediatrics\| PubMed ID: 21617905	2012
Dermatologic presentations of orthopedic pathologies: a review of diagnosis and treatment. American journal of clinical dermatology\| PubMed ID: 22494476	2012
Penetrating neck trauma: a review of management strategies and discussion of the 'No Zone' approach. The American surgeon\| PubMed ID: 23317595	2013
Functional outcome instruments used for cervical spondylotic myelopathy: interscale correlation and prediction of preference-based quality of life. The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society\| PubMed ID: 23523443	2013
Aneurysmal vasculopathy in human-acquired immunodeficiency virus-infected adults: Imaging case series and review of the literature. Interventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences\| PubMed ID: 26023074	2015
Two- versus four-handed techniques for endonasal resection of orbital apex tumors. American journal of rhinology & allergy\| PubMed ID: 26358352	2015
Three-Dimensional Printed Modeling of an Arteriovenous Malformation Including Blood Flow. World neurosurgery\| PubMed ID: 27060520	2016
The nasofrontal beak: A consistent landmark for superior septectomy during Draf III drill out. American journal of rhinology & allergy\| PubMed ID: 27216356	2016
Endoscopic versus microscopic microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: equivalent pain outcomes with possibly decreased postoperative headache after endoscopic surgery. Journal of neurosurgery\| PubMed ID: 27471895	2017
The Evolution of Neuroprosthetic Interfaces. Critical reviews in biomedical engineering\| PubMed ID: 27652455	2016
De Novo Intraneural Arachnoid Cyst Presenting with Complete Third Nerve Palsy: Case Report and Literature Review. World neurosurgery\| PubMed ID: 27923759	2017
Pediatric cerebral sinovenous thrombosis following cranial surgery. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery\| PubMed ID: 28091816	2017

Dmitriy Petrov

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