assessing-neuroprotective-effects-glycyrrhizae-radix-et-rhizoma

Assessing Neuroprotective Effects of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Extract Using a Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Mouse Model

Ischemia followed by reperfusion of cerebral blood flow after a stroke leads to the death of nerve cells and loss of brain tissue. The most commonly used ...

The predictability of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) for the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) was investigated by measuring baPWV in 501 subjects scheduled for coronary angiography. Severity of CAD was measured using modified Gensini stenosis score (GSS) and classified as a vessel disease score (VDS) of 0-3. The presence of CAD was defined as diameter stenosis>50%. Subjects were grouped in tertile by level of baPWV (<14, 14-17,  >17 m/s). Subjects with CAD showed higher mean age, prevalence of men and diabetes, and systolic blood pressure. The prevalence of hypertension, use of antihypertensive medications and use of statin was not different. Subjects with CAD had higher baPWV than subjects without CAD (16.70 ± 3.46 versus 15.21 ± 3.19 m/s, p<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed significant correlation of baPWV and modified GSS (p=0.0337). ANCOVA adjusted with age, gender, body mass index, presence of hypertension or diabetes, status of smoking, use of antihypertensive medications and risk of hypercholesterolemia showed a statistically significant association of baPWV with VDS (p<0.0001). Highest tertile of baPWV had a statistically significant effect on the severity of CAD from an ANCOVA model. The predictive power of highest tertile of baPWV for the presence of CAD was 3.600 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.884-6.881, p<0.0001]. It is concluded that increased baPWV is a reliable predictor of the presence and severity of CAD, suggesting that baPWV>17 m/s may be a threshold value for the presence and severity of CAD.

Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity for the prediction of the presence and severity of coronary artery disease.

Sodium sensitivity (SS) is a phenomenon in which significant changes in blood pressure (BP) are observed based on sodium intake. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays a critical role in sodium handling and hypertension. We identified the specific responses of renin and aldosterone based on dietary sodium intake and revealed the relationship between these hormonal changes and dietary sodium intake in patients with SS.

The unique response of renin and aldosterone to dietary sodium intervention in sodium sensitivity.

Fifteen rabbits were used to assess the effect of Lipo-PGE1 on neovascularization. Merocel(®) and Alloderm(®) of the same size were implanted separately under the back skin to act as matrices for vessel growth. Lipo-PGE1 was injected intravenously for 2 weeks in an experimental group of eight rabbits, and they were compared with a control group of seven untreated animals. Blood flow was measured using the (99m)TcO4(-) clearance technique. The mean blood clearance halftime (T1/2) and washout radioactivity were measured. Newly formed vessels were counted by CD31. The mean clearance halftime was 4005 ± 2161.3 and 13840 ± 4644.6 s in the experimental and control group, respectively, in the 1 × 2 × 1.5-cm-sized implants (p = 0.0125), and 1560 ± 1174.7 and 3405 ± 807.03 s, respectively, in the 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm-sized implants (p = 0.0413). Histological examinations revealed that the mean numbers of newly formed vessels in the experimental and control groups were 11 ± 1.58 and 7.8 ± 1.71, respectively, in the 1 × 2 × 1.5-cm-sized implants (p = 0.0501), and 20.19 ± 12.47 and 12.33 ± 3.25, respectively, in the 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm-sized implants (p = 0.02679). Lipo-PGE1 was found to be effective in promoting angiogenesis in a rabbit matrix model. 

Quantification of the effect of Lipo-PGE1 on angiogenesis.

Clinicians often apply heating or cooling stimulation for treatment of musculoskeletal pain. However, scalding, frostbite and skin ulcers may occur from the excessive use of either therapy alone. Heating and cooling combination therapy may be a suitable alternative for treatment of musculoskeletal diseases, although insufficient research has documented the safety and efficacy of such therapy. The purpose of this clinical trial is to determine the efficacy and safety of heating and cooling combination therapy for treatment of chronic low back pain.

Effect of heating and cooling combination therapy on patients with chronic low back pain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Objective. The eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) following standard triple therapy has declined over the past few decades. This study has determined whether high dose dual therapy (PPI and amoxicillin) is adequate for eradicating H. pylori in Korea. Methods. This was an open-labeled study of H. pylori infected treatment-naive patients. Subjects received dual therapy for 14 days: ilaprazole 40 mg tablets given twice a day and amoxicillin 750 mg tablets given 4 times a day. At the end of the therapy, the subjects visited the clinic to confirm compliance and monitor for any side effects. Subjects visited again after 4-6 weeks to confirm H. pylori status through a urea breath test. Results. The cure rate of H. pylori was 79.3% (23 of 29) (95% confidence interval: 61.6-90.2) in the intention-to-treat analysis and 82.1% (23 of 28) in the per-protocol analysis. Compliance rates were high (96.6%) and side effects were minimal and tolerable. Conclusion. A high dose of ilaprazole + amoxicillin was ineffective as the first-line therapy for eradicating H. pylori in Korea. Future studies should focus on intragastric pH measurements and assess amoxicillin resistance. 

High Dose Ilaprazole/Amoxicillin as First-Line Regimen for Helicobacter pylori Infection in Korea.

The leaves of Artemisia argyi Lev. et Vant. and A. princeps Pamp. are well known medicinal herbs used to treat patients in China, Japan, and Korea with skin problems such as eczema and itching, as well as abdominal pain and dysmenorrhoea. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Artemisia leaf extract (ALE) using CD mice and Raw 264.7 cells. The effects of ALE on histopathological changes and cytokine production in ear tissues were assessed in mice with CD induced by 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB). Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effects on production levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO) and expression levels of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were investigated in Raw 264.7 cells. Topical application of ALE effectively prevented ear swelling induced by repeated DNFB application. ALE prevented epidermal hyperplasia and infiltration of immune cells and lowered the production of interferon- (IFN-) gamma (γ), tumour necrosis factor- (TNF-) alpha (α), and interleukin- (IL-) 6 in inflamed tissues. In addition, ALE inhibited expression of COX-2 and iNOS and production of NO and PGE2 in Raw 264.7 cells. These results indicate that Artemisia leaf can be used as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory skin diseases and that its anti-inflammatory effects are closely related to the inhibition of inflammatory mediator release from macrophages and inflammatory cytokine production in inflamed tissues. 

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Artemisia Leaf Extract in Mice with Contact Dermatitis In Vitro and In Vivo.

The dried fruit of  (Thunb.) Vahl. (Oleaceae) are better known by their herbal name , and have a bitter taste, slightly pungent smell, and cold habit. FF has been widely used to treat symptoms associated with the lung, heart, and small intestine. Recently, bioactive compounds isolated from hydrophobic solvent fractions of FF have been reported to have anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, and anti-cancer effects. Traditionally, almost all herbal medicines are water extracts, and thus, extraction methods should be developed to optimize the practical efficacies of herbal medicines.

A STUDY OF THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF THE ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF THE METHANOL EXTRACT OF FORSYTHIAE FRUCTUS.

To give informed consent, a patient needs to sufficiently understand the information provided by a physician to decide among treatment options. Although shared decision-making is becoming an important aspect of patient-centered care, little is known about decision-making by cancer patients in Korea.

Making an informed decision of Korean cancer patients: the discrepancy between a patient's recall of information and the information needed for acquisition of radiotherapy informed consent.

The dried root of , Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix (SR), is one of the most popular medicinal herbs in Asian countries such as China and Korea. In Asian traditional medicine, SR is considered to have a bitter flavor, be slightly cold in nature, and exert therapeutic actions in the heart and liver meridians. Thus, SR has been used to control symptoms related to cardiovascular diseases. Hyperlipidemia is recognized as the main cause of cerebrovascular and heart diseases; consequently, therapeutic strategies for hyperlipidemia have been widely studied. In this study, the effects and molecular targets of methanol extract of SR (SRme) in hyperlipidemic mice were investigated.

Effect of methanol extract of Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice.

Stroke is the second most common cause of death and may result in various disabilities; thus, identification of neuroprotective therapeutic agents is important. Peucedani Radix (PR), the root of , is a well-known remedy for damp and phlegm in Korean medicine and has also been shown to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study was performed to investigate the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of methanol extract of PR (PRex) on cerebral ischemic injury.

Effects of pretreatment with methanol extract of Peucedani Radix on transient ischemic brain injury in mice.

Forsythiae Fructus (FF) is a well-known medicinal herb derived from the dried fruits of  (Thunb.) Vahl. (Oleaceae). Recently, bioactive compounds isolated from hydrophobic solvent fractions of FF have been reported to have anti-oxidant, antibacterial, and anti-cancer effects.

A Study of the Anti-Cancer Effects of the Hexane Fraction of the Methanol Extract of Forsythiae Fructus.

Licorice is extracted from the roots of plants in the Glycyrrhiza genus, especially Glycyrrhiza uralensis in China and Korea. It has several pharmacological activities, including neuro-protective, anti-fungal, and anti-cariogenic effects. Ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury is a leading cause of adult disability and death; thus, the identification of anti-apoptotic, neuro-protective therapeutic agents is viewed as an attractive drug development strategy. Infarct volumes and the expression of several apoptosis-related proteins, including Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, caspase-8, and caspase-9, were evaluated by western blotting in the brains of mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Three consecutive days of oral pretreatment with the methanol extract of licorice (GRex) significantly reduced infarct volumes 24 h after MCAO. In addition, GRex effectively inhibited the activation of caspase-9 by upregulating protein expression of Bcl-xL and Bcl-2. The neuro-protective effect of licorice was due to its regulation of apoptosis-related proteins. These data suggest that licorice could be a potential candidate for the treatment of ischemia-induced brain damage.

Licorice Pretreatment Protects Against Brain Damage Induced by Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice.

Cabbage,  var. capitata L., is one of the most common vegetables in the world. Because of its high levels of flavonoids and anthocyanins, cabbage has long been used as a herbal medicine. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of cabbage were also recently been reported.

Anti-inflammatory Effects of  Var. capitata L. (Cabbage) Methanol Extract in Mice with Contact Dermatitis.

Despite increased demand for cancer patient's to make their own decisions based on an adequate understanding of what is involved in chemotherapy, the primary signing agent and the reasons for surrogate signing have not been appropriately evaluated.

Article	Year
Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity for the prediction of the presence and severity of coronary artery disease. Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993)\| PubMed ID: 24164335	2014
The unique response of renin and aldosterone to dietary sodium intervention in sodium sensitivity. Journal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system : JRAAS\| PubMed ID: 24622156	2014
Quantification of the effect of Lipo-PGE1 on angiogenesis. Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS\| PubMed ID: 25448364	2015
Effect of heating and cooling combination therapy on patients with chronic low back pain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials\| PubMed ID: 26112148	2015
High Dose Ilaprazole/Amoxicillin as First-Line Regimen for Helicobacter pylori Infection in Korea. Gastroenterology research and practice\| PubMed ID: 27413365	2016
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Artemisia Leaf Extract in Mice with Contact Dermatitis In Vitro and In Vivo. Mediators of inflammation\| PubMed ID: 27647952	2016
A STUDY OF THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF THE ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF THE METHANOL EXTRACT OF FORSYTHIAE FRUCTUS. African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines : AJTCAM\| PubMed ID: 28487900	2016
Making an informed decision of Korean cancer patients: the discrepancy between a patient's recall of information and the information needed for acquisition of radiotherapy informed consent. Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer\| PubMed ID: 28791486	2018
Effect of methanol extract of Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice. Chinese medicine\| PubMed ID: 29046711	2017
Effects of pretreatment with methanol extract of Peucedani Radix on transient ischemic brain injury in mice. Chinese medicine\| PubMed ID: 29090015	2017
A Study of the Anti-Cancer Effects of the Hexane Fraction of the Methanol Extract of Forsythiae Fructus. Pharmacognosy magazine\| PubMed ID: 29200739	2017
Licorice Pretreatment Protects Against Brain Damage Induced by Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice. Journal of medicinal food\| PubMed ID: 29341803	2018
Anti-inflammatory Effects of Var. capitata L. (Cabbage) Methanol Extract in Mice with Contact Dermatitis. Pharmacognosy magazine\| PubMed ID: 29720827	2018
Surrogate decision making of chemotherapy consent: do we really provide informed consent of chemotherapy for patients? The Korean journal of internal medicine\| PubMed ID: 29843493	2018

Chiyeon Lim

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