capturing-small-molecule-communication-between-tissues-cells-using

Capturing Small Molecule Communication Between Tissues and Cells Using Imaging Mass Spectrometry

Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) has routinely been applied to three types of samples: tissue sections, spheroids, and microbial colonies. These sample ...

The use of botanical dietary supplements is becoming increasingly popular for the alleviation of hormonal-based conditions such as hot flashes, premenstrual syndrome, and fertility. Estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR) play an essential role in these processes. However, despite the fact that many therapies used to alleviate gynecological conditions act through PR-mediated mechanisms, few studies have investigated or identified any herbal natural product components that act on this receptor. In the current study, we used a progesterone response element (PRE)-luciferase (Luc) reporter assay to identify four phytoprogestins present in a standardized red clover ( Trifolium pratense) extract. We found that the component irilone (1) potentiated the effect of progesterone in both endometrial and ovarian cancer cell lines. In these cancers, progesterone action is generally associated with positive outcomes; thus the potentiating effect of 1 may provide entirely new strategies for enhancing progesterone signaling as a means of mitigating conditions such as fibroids and endometriosis. Formononetin (3) and biochanin A (4) exhibited mixed agonist activity, while prunetin (2) acted only as an antagonist. Collectively, these results suggest that the effects of red clover extract repeatedly observed in cultured cells and the inverse correlation between risk of various cancers and flavonoid intake may be due, in part, to altered progesterone signaling.

Irilone from Red Clover ( Trifolium pratense) Potentiates Progesterone Signaling.

High grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths among women. New evidence suggests that HGSOC arises in the fallopian tube and then colonizes the ovary before spreading into the peritoneal space. Therefore, due to the proximity of this metastasis, an experimental design was optimized using imaging mass spectrometry to capture the spatial composition of small molecules uniquely expressed when fallopian-tube-derived tumor cells were grown in the microenvironment of the ovary as a model of primary metastasis. The observed mass-to-charge ratios (/'s) that were induced specifically in coculture represent small molecules that may contribute to the metastasis of HGSOC selectively to the ovary. Human fallopian tube epithelial HGSOC and tumorigenic murine oviductal epithelial cells, but not normal cell types, repeatedly induced a signal from the ovary at / 170. This signal was identified as norepinephrine, which was confirmed to stimulate invasion of ovarian cancer cells lacking wild-type p53. These molecules may reveal pathways that contribute to metastasis and biological targets for therapeutic intervention to block ovarian metastasis of fallopian-tube-derived HGSOC. The developed mass spectrometry method can be adapted to other mammalian-based model systems for investigation of untargeted metabolomics that facilitate metastasis.

Imaging Mass Spectrometry Reveals Crosstalk between the Fallopian Tube and the Ovary that Drives Primary Metastasis of Ovarian Cancer.

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) can originate in the fallopian tube epithelium (FTE), but the role of the ovary in these tumors is unclear. Tumorigenic murine oviductal epithelial (MOE) cells allografted in the ovarian bursa resulted in aggressive tumors that spread throughout the peritoneum whereas intraperitoneal xenografting the same number of cells did not form tumors, indicating that colonization of the ovary may play a role in metastasis. Physical tearing of the ovarian surface to mimic rupture of the ovary during ovulation (independent of hormonal changes) resulted in more MOE and HGSOC cells adhering to the ovary compared with intact ovaries. More MOE cells also adhered to three-dimensional (3D) collagen and primary ovarian stromal cells than to ovarian surface epithelia, indicating that FTE cells adhered to the extracellular matrix exposed during ovulation. However, plating cells on 3D collagen reduced the viability of normal FTE but not cancer cells. Mutation of p53 (R273H or R248W) and activation of Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS) (G12V) did not increase the viability of MOE cells on 3D collagen. In contrast, loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) allowed MOE cells to retain normal viability on 3D collagen. Loss of PTEN activated AKT and RAC1/c-jun N-terminal kinase signaling that each contributed to the increased viability, invasion and attachment in the collagen rich ovarian microenvironment. These results show that loss of PTEN activates multiple pathways that together enhance colonization of the ovary due to access to 3D collagen, which is a critical organ in the colonization of FTE-derived HGSOC.

Article	Year
Irilone from Red Clover ( Trifolium pratense) Potentiates Progesterone Signaling. Journal of natural products\| PubMed ID: 30199256	2018
Imaging Mass Spectrometry Reveals Crosstalk between the Fallopian Tube and the Ovary that Drives Primary Metastasis of Ovarian Cancer. ACS central science\| PubMed ID: 30410974	2018
Exposure of the extracellular matrix and colonization of the ovary in metastasis of fallopian-tube-derived cancer. Carcinogenesis\| PubMed ID: 30475985	2019

Matthew Dean

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