efficient-gene-delivery-into-multiple-cns-territories-using-utero

Efficient Gene Delivery into Multiple CNS Territories Using <em>In Utero</em> Electroporation

The ability to manipulate gene expression is the cornerstone of modern day experimental embryology, leading to the elucidation of multiple developmental ...

Human Y-chromosomal binary polymorphisms have been considered to preserve the paternal genetic legacy and provide evidence on human evolution and the genetic relationships among and demographic history of different populations. To reveal the genetic origin and immigration of the Fujian Han, 13 binary markers on the Y chromosome were used to screen Fujian Han by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that the M9G marker was highly prevalent (96.20%), suggesting a significant genetic drift. In addition, M122C frequency was only 22.78%, and M45A and M103T were default. The distinctive haplogroup frequencies (H1, H5, and H6/7/8) imply that the haplogroup pattern is a relatively ancestral and interim type.

A new haplogroup pattern displayed in Fujian Han in China.

Eine neue Haplogruppe Muster in Fujian in China Han angezeigt.

Burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause serious infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The ET12 lineage appears particularly virulent in CF; however, its pathogenesis is poorly understood and may be associated with host response. To help characterize this response, the ability of B. cenocepacia to induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis in an epithelial cell model was examined. Upon infection with B. cenocepacia strain K56-2, A549 human lung epithelial cells underwent significant cell death; propidium iodine staining and DNA fragmentation assays suggested apoptosis. Initiation of cell death was independent of the type III secretion system, biofilm formation, and secreted bacterial cytotoxins. However, the frequency of cell death was lower in cells infected with a non-piliated mutant, K56-2 cblA::Tp. Furthermore, purified cbl pili were found to directly induce cytotoxicity in A549 cells and activate caspase-9, -8, -7, and -3, the major cysteine proteinases involved in apoptosis. It appears that B. cenocepacia cbl pili, which are a distinctive feature of the ET12 lineage, act as an initiator of cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Understanding the role of cbl pili in the pathogenesis of B. cenocepacia infections offers the potential for decreasing the virulence of these potentially life-threatening organisms in CF patients.

Pilus-mediated epithelial cell death in response to infection with Burkholderia cenocepacia.

Burkholderia Cenocepacia ist eine opportunistische Erreger, die schwere Infektionen bei zystischer Fibrose (CF) Patienten verursachen k&ouml;nnen. Die ET12 Linie erscheint in CF besonders virulent; jedoch Krankheitsentstehung ist oft missverstanden und m&ouml;glicherweise Wirtsantwort zugeordnet. Um zu helfen, diese Antwort zu charakterisieren, wurde die F&auml;higkeit von B. Cenocepacia zu Zytotoxizit&auml;t und Apoptosis ein Epithelialer Zellen-Modell untersucht. Nach Infektion mit B. Cenocepacia Belastung K56-2 unterzog A549 Lunge Epithelzellen erhebliche Zelltod; Propidium Jod F&auml;rbe- und DNA-Fragmentierung-Assays vorgeschlagen Apoptosis. Einleitung des Zelle Todes war unabh&auml;ngig von der Typ-III-Sekretionssystem, Biofilm-Bildung und sezernierte bakterielle Cytotoxins. Allerdings lagen die Frequenz des Zelle Todes in Zellen, die mit einem nicht-Piliated Mutant, K56-2 cblA::Tp infiziert. Dar&uuml;ber hinaus fanden sich direkt induzieren Zytotoxizit&auml;t in A549 Zellen und aktiviert Caspase-9, gereinigte Cbl Pili-8-7 und -3, die gro&szlig;en Cystein-Proteinasen Apoptose beteiligt. Es scheint, dass B. Cenocepacia Cbl Pili, die eine Besonderheit der Linie ET12, als Initiator der Zytotoxizit&auml;t und Apoptose zu handeln. Verst&auml;ndnis der Rolle der Cbl Pili in der Pathogenese von B. Cenocepacia Infektionen bietet das Potenzial f&uuml;r die Senkung der Virulenz dieser potenziell lebensbedrohliche Organismen bei CF-Patienten.

Article	Year
A new haplogroup pattern displayed in Fujian Han in China. Journal of human genetics\| PubMed ID: 11916010	2002
Pilus-mediated epithelial cell death in response to infection with Burkholderia cenocepacia. Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur\| PubMed ID: 17537663	2007

Fuqu Lu

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