establishment-of-an-oronasal-fistula-mice-model

Establishment of an Oronasal Fistula Mice Model

This study presents a method utilizing heated ophthalmologic cautery to develop a viable model for investigating oronasal fistulas. C57BL/6 mice were used ...

The present study aimed to evaluate the repairability of a 3D printed denture base material. The effects of surface treatments and artificial aging on the shear bond strength (SBS) were investigated.

Repairability of a 3D printed denture base polymer: Effects of surface treatment and artificial aging on the shear bond strength.

Since the post-rinsing time is inconsistently recommended, this study aims to investigate the effect of post-rinsing time on the flexural strength and cytotoxicity of an stereolithographically (SLA) printed orthodontic splint material.

Effect of post-rinsing time on the mechanical strength and cytotoxicity of a 3D printed orthodontic splint material.

Zinc-based nanoparticles, nanoscale metal frameworks and metals have been considered as biocompatible materials for bone tissue engineering. Among them, zinc-based metals are recognized as promising biodegradable materials thanks to their moderate degradation rate ranging between magnesium and iron. Nonetheless, materials' biodegradability and the related biological response depend on the specific implant site. The present study evaluated the biodegradability, cytocompatibility, and hemocompatibility of a hot-extruded zinc-copper-iron (Zn-Cu-Fe) alloy as a potential biomaterial for craniomaxillofacial implants. Firstly, the effect of fetal bovine serum (FBS) on  degradation behavior was evaluated. Furthermore, an extract test was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the alloy. Also, the hemocompatibility evaluation was carried out by a modified Chandler-Loop model. The results showed decreased degradation rates of the Zn-Cu-Fe alloy after incorporating FBS into the medium. Also, the alloy exhibited acceptable toxicity towards RAW264.7, HUVEC, and MC3T3-E1 cells. Regarding hemocompatibility, the alloy did not significantly alter erythrocyte, platelet, and leukocyte counts, while the coagulation and complement systems were activated. This study demonstrated the predictable  degradation behavior, acceptable cytotoxicity, and appropriate hemocompatibility of Zn-Cu-Fe alloy; therefore, it might be a candidate biomaterial for craniomaxillofacial implants.

Biodegradable Zn-Cu-Fe Alloy as a Promising Material for Craniomaxillofacial Implants: An  Investigation into Degradation Behavior, Cytotoxicity, and Hemocompatibility.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a promising bioactive scaffold for bone regeneration because of their superior mechanical and biological properties. Vascularization is crucial in bone tissue engineering, and insufficient vascularization is a long-standing problem in tissue-engineered scaffolds. However, the effect of CNTs on vascularization is still minimal. In the current study, pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were purified to prepare different ratios of SWNTs/EDC composites, and their surface morphology and physicochemical properties of SWNTs/EDC were studied. Furthermore, the effect of SWNTs/EDC on vascularization was investigated by inducing the differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into vascular endothelial cell-like cells (VEC-like cells). Results showed that SWNTs/EDC composite was successfully prepared, and EDC was embedded in the SWNTs matrix and uniformly distributed throughout the composites. The AFM, FTIR spectra, and Raman results confirmed the formation of SWNTs/EDC composites. Besides, the surface topography of the SWNTs/EDC composites presents a rough surface, which may positively affect cell function.  cell culture revealed that SWNTs and SWNTs/EDC composites exhibited excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. The SWNTs/EDC composite at mass/volume ratios 1:10 had the best enhancement of proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs. Moreover, after culture with SWNTs/EDC composite, approximately 78.3% ± 4.2% of cultured cells are double-positive for FITC-UEA-1 and DiI-Ac-LDL double staining. Additionally, the RNA expression of representative endothelial cell markers VEGF, VEGF-R2, CD31, and vWF in the SWNTs/EDC composite group was significantly higher than those in the control and SWNTs group. With the limitation of our study, the results suggested that SWNTs/EDC composite can promote BMSCs differentiation into VEC-like cells and positively affect angiogenesis and bone regeneration.

Differentiation of Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells Into Vascular Endothelial Cell-Like Cells Using Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes.

This study developed a novel digital workflow to fabricate a 3D printed hollow obturator for the prosthetic reconstruction of palatal fistula. It will provide cleft surgeons and therapists a choice for treating children with large palatal fistula before the appropriate age for surgical reconstruction. Laryngoscope, 133:1507-1512, 2023.

Rapid Additive Manufacturing of a Superlight Obturator for Large Oronasal Fistula in Pediatric Patient.

An oronasal fistula (ONF) is an abnormal structure between the oral and nasal cavities, which is a common complication of cleft palate repair due to the failure of wound healing. When some patients with ONF are unsuitable for secondary surgical repair, the obturator treatment becomes a potential method. The objectives of the obturator treatment should be summarized as filling the ONF comfortably and cosmetically restoring the dentition with partial function. The anatomy of patients with cleft palate is complex, which may lead to a more complex structure of the ONF. Thus, the manufacturing process of the obturator for these patients is more difficult. For performing the design and fabrication process rapidly and precisely, digital techniques can help, but limitations still exist. In this review, literature searches were conducted through Medline via PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Science Direct, and Web of Science, and 122 articles were selected. The purpose of this review was to introduce the development of the obturator for treating patients with ONF after cleft palate repair, from the initial achievement of the obstruction of the ONF to later problems such as fixation, velopharyngeal insufficiency, and infection, as well as the application of digital technologies in obturator manufacturing.

Obturator Manufacturing for Oronasal Fistula after Cleft Palate Repair: A Review from Handicraft to the Application of Digital Techniques.

Three-dimensionally printed polyetheretherketone (PEEK) materials are promising for fabricating customized dental abutments. This study aimed to investigate the adhesive property of a 3D-printed PEEK material. The effects of surface treatment and temporary crown materials on shear bond strength were evaluated. A total of 108 PEEK discs were 3D printed by fused-filament fabrication. Surface treatments, including sandblasting, abrasive paper grinding, and CO2 laser ablation, were applied to the PEEK discs, with the untreated specimens set as the control. Afterward, the surface topographies of each group were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, n = 1) and roughness measurements (n = 7). After preparing the bonding specimens with three temporary crown materials (Artificial teeth resin (ATR), 3M™ Filtek™ Supreme Flowable Restorative (FR), and Cool Temp NATURAL (CTN)), the shear bond strength was measured (n = 6), and the failure modes were analyzed by microscopy and SEM. The results showed that ATR exhibited a significantly higher shear bond strength compared to FR and CTN (p < 0.01), and the PEEK surfaces treated by sandblasting and abrasive paper grinding showed a statistically higher shear bond strength compared to the control (p < 0.05). For clinical application, the ATR material and subtractive surface treatments are recommended for 3D-printed PEEK abutments.

Adhesive Property of 3D-Printed PEEK Abutments: Effects of Surface Treatment and Temporary Crown Material on Shear Bond Strength.

At-home tooth whitening solutions with good efficacy and biosafety are highly desirable to meet the ever-growing demand for aesthetic dentistry. As a promising alternative to the classic peroxide bleaching that may damage tooth enamel and gums, piezocatalysis has been recently proposed to realize non-destructive whitening by toothbrushing with piezoelectrical particles. However, traditional particles either pose potential threats to human health or exhibit low piezoresponse to weak mechanical stimuli in the toothbrushing. Here, biocompatible and biodegradable polylactide particles constructed from interlocking crystalline lamellae have been hierarchically designed as next-generation whitening materials with ultra-high piezocatalytic activity and biosafety. By simultaneously controlling the chain conformation within lamellae and the porosity of such unique lamellae network at the nano- and microscales, the particles possessing unprecedented piezoelectricity have been successfully prepared due to the markedly increased dipole alignment, mechanical deformability, and specific surface area. The piezoelectric output can reach as high as 18.8 V, nearly 50 times higher than that of common solid polylactide particles. Consequently, their piezocatalytic effect can be readily activated by a toothbrush to rapidly clean the teeth stained with black tea and coffee, without causing detectable enamel damage. Furthermore, these particles have no cytotoxicity. This work presents a paradigm for achieving high piezoelectric activity in polylactide, which enables its practical application in tooth whitening.

Hierarchically Designed Biodegradable Polylactide Particles with Unprecedented Piezocatalytic Activity and Biosafety for Tooth Whitening.

Zinc-based biodegradable metals (BMs) have been developed for biomedical implant materials. However, the cytotoxicity of Zn and its alloys has caused controversy. This work aims to investigate whether Zn and its alloys possess cytotoxic effects and the corresponding influence factors. According to the guidelines of the PRISMA statement, an electronic combined hand search was conducted to retrieve articles published in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus (2013.1-2023.2) following the PICOS strategy. Eighty-six eligible articles were included. The quality of the included toxicity studies was assessed utilizing the ToxRTool. Among the included articles, extract tests were performed in 83 studies, and direct contact tests were conducted in 18 studies. According to the results of this review, the cytotoxicity of Zn-based BMs is mainly determined by three factors, namely, Zn-based materials, tested cells, and test system. Notably, Zn and its alloys did not exhibit cytotoxic effects under certain test conditions, but significant heterogeneity existed in the implementation of the cytotoxicity evaluation. Furthermore, there is currently a relatively lower quality of current cytotoxicity evaluation in Zn-based BMs owing to the adoption of nonuniform standards. Establishing a standardized in vitro toxicity assessment system for Zn-based BMs is required for future investigations.

Cytotoxicity of Biodegradable Zinc and Its Alloys: A Systematic Review.

Dental caries of permanent teeth is a common public health concern and has the second-highest incidence among global diseases. The exopolysaccharides (EPS) synthesized by  () are the principal virulence factor for cariogenic etiology. We previously discovered that an endogenous antisense  RNA (AS) could significantly inhibit EPS synthesis in  and reduce its cariogenicity. However, AS cannot be directly applied in the oral environment. An appropriate vector is of great need to protect AS from being degraded by nucleases for effective gene delivery to . Functionally modified starches shed light on this field because of their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, a biocompatible and biodegradable spermine-starch nanocomposite (SSN) was constructed for AS delivery. Starch was cationically functionalized by grafting endogenous spermine to closely bind with the recombinant AS plasmid. The SSN not only protected the recombinant AS plasmid from DNase I but also achieved highly efficient gene transformation to  the hydrolysis of α-amylase in the saliva. In addition, SSN-AS was shown to endow AS with an increasing transformation efficiency approximately four times that of the naked AS plasmid, as well as allowing for targeting specificity to the transcription of the  gene and the suppression of biofilm organization  EPS digestion. In particular, SSN-AS nanoparticles exhibited excellent biological safety and maintained oral microbiota homeostasis  The SSN can be prepared in a ready-to-use formulation for targeting cariogenic bacteria, thus demonstrating important prospects in the prevention of dental caries.

Spermine-starch nanoparticles with antisense  suppress  cariogenicity.

Concentrated growth factors (CGFs) are widely used in surgery with bone grafting, but the release of growth factors from CGFs is rapid. RADA16, a self-assembling peptide, can form a scaffold that is similar to the extracellular matrix. Based on the properties of RADA16 and CGF, we hypothesized that the RADA16 nanofiber scaffold hydrogel could enhance the function of CGFs and that the RADA16 nanofiber scaffold hydrogel-wrapped CGFs (RADA16-CGFs) would perform a good osteoinductive function. This study aimed to investigate the osteoinductive function of RADA16-CGFs. Scanning electron microscopy, rheometry, and ELISA were performed, and MC3T3-E1 cells were used to test cell adhesion, cytotoxicity, and mineralization after administration with RADA16-CGFs. We found that RADA16 endowed with the sustained release of growth factors from CGFs, which can help maximize the function of CGFs in osteoinduction. The application of the atoxic RADA16 nanofiber scaffold hydrogel with CGFs can be a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of alveolar bone loss and other problems that require bone regeneration.

Article	Year
Repairability of a 3D printed denture base polymer: Effects of surface treatment and artificial aging on the shear bond strength. Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials\| PubMed ID: 33279875	2021
Effect of post-rinsing time on the mechanical strength and cytotoxicity of a 3D printed orthodontic splint material. Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials\| PubMed ID: 33610310	2021
Biodegradable Zn-Cu-Fe Alloy as a Promising Material for Craniomaxillofacial Implants: An Investigation into Degradation Behavior, Cytotoxicity, and Hemocompatibility. Frontiers in chemistry\| PubMed ID: 35734444	2022
Differentiation of Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells Into Vascular Endothelial Cell-Like Cells Using Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology\| PubMed ID: 35747494	2022
Rapid Additive Manufacturing of a Superlight Obturator for Large Oronasal Fistula in Pediatric Patient. The Laryngoscope\| PubMed ID: 36098478	2023
Obturator Manufacturing for Oronasal Fistula after Cleft Palate Repair: A Review from Handicraft to the Application of Digital Techniques. Journal of functional biomaterials\| PubMed ID: 36412892	2022
Adhesive Property of 3D-Printed PEEK Abutments: Effects of Surface Treatment and Temporary Crown Material on Shear Bond Strength. Journal of functional biomaterials\| PubMed ID: 36547548	2022
Hierarchically Designed Biodegradable Polylactide Particles with Unprecedented Piezocatalytic Activity and Biosafety for Tooth Whitening. Biomacromolecules\| PubMed ID: 36642871	2023
Cytotoxicity of Biodegradable Zinc and Its Alloys: A Systematic Review. Journal of functional biomaterials\| PubMed ID: 37103296	2023
Spermine-starch nanoparticles with antisense suppress cariogenicity. Journal of materials chemistry. B\| PubMed ID: 37219356	2023
Self-Assembling Peptide RADA16 Nanofiber Scaffold Hydrogel-Wrapped Concentrated Growth Factors in Osteogenesis of MC3T3. Journal of functional biomaterials\| PubMed ID: 37233370	2023

Yichen Xu

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