reduced-pulmonary-function-association-with-abnormal-muscle

Reduced Pulmonary Function Association with Abnormal Muscle Activation with Knee Osteoarthritis and Increased Cardiovascular Disease Risk

This study aimed to explore the cardiopulmonary function, physical activity, and activation of major lower-limb muscles in individuals with knee ...

The aim of this study is to evaluate if Kinect is a valid and reliable clinical gait analysis tool for children with cerebral palsy (CP), and whether linear regression and long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network methods can improve its performance. A gait analysis was conducted on ten children with CP, on two occasions. Lower limb joint kinematics computed from the Kinect and a traditional marker-based Motion Analysis system were investigated by calculating the root mean square errors (RMSE), the coefficients of multiple correlation (CMC), and the intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Results showed that the Kinect-based kinematics had an overall modest to poor correlation (CMC-less than 0.001 to 0.70) and an angle pattern similarity with Motion Analysis. After the calibration, RMSE on every degree of freedom decreased. The two calibration methods indicated similar levels of improvement in hip sagittal (CMC-0.81 ± 0.10 vs. 0.75 ± 0.22)/frontal (CMC-0.41 ± 0.35 vs. 0.42 ± 0.37) and knee sagittal kinematics (CMC-0.85±0.07 vs. 0.87 ± 0.12). The hip sagittal (CMC-0.97±0.05) and knee sagittal (CMC-0.88 ± 0.12) angle patterns showed a very good agreement over two days. Modest to excellent reliability (ICC-0.45 to 0.93) for most parameters renders it feasible for observing ongoing changes in gait kinematics.

The Validity and Reliability of a Kinect v2-Based Gait Analysis System for Children with Cerebral Palsy.

Low-cost, portable, and easy-to-use Kinect-based systems achieved great popularity in out-of-the-lab motion analysis. The placement of a Kinect sensor significantly influences the accuracy in measuring kinematic parameters for dynamics tasks. We conducted an experiment to investigate the impact of sensor placement on the accuracy of upper limb kinematics during a typical upper limb functional task, the drinking task. Using a 3D motion capture system as the golden standard, we tested twenty-one Kinect positions with three different distances and seven orientations. Upper limb joint angles, including shoulder flexion/extension, shoulder adduction/abduction, shoulder internal/external rotation, and elbow flexion/extension angles, are calculated via our developed Kinect kinematic model and the UWA kinematic model for both the Kinect-based system and the 3D motion capture system. We extracted the angles at the point of the target achieved (PTA). The mean-absolute-error (MEA) with the standard represents the Kinect-based system's performance. We conducted a two-way repeated measure ANOVA to explore the impacts of distance and orientation on the MEAs for all upper limb angles. There is a significant main effect for orientation. The main effects for distance and the interaction effects do not reach statistical significance. The post hoc test using LSD test for orientation shows that the effect of orientation is joint-dependent and plane-dependent. For a complex task (e.g., drinking), which involves body occlusions, placing a Kinect sensor right in front of a subject is not a good choice. We suggest that place a Kinect sensor at the contralateral side of a subject with the orientation around 30∘ to 45∘ for upper limb functional tasks. For all kinds of dynamic tasks, we put forward the following recommendations for the placement of a Kinect sensor. First, set an optimal sensor position for capture, making sure that all investigated joints are visible during the whole task. Second, sensor placement should avoid body occlusion at the maximum extension. Third, if an optimal location cannot be achieved in an out-of-the-lab environment, researchers could put the Kinect sensor at an optimal orientation by trading off the factor of distance. Last, for those need to assess functions of both limbs, the users can relocate the sensor and re-evaluate the functions of the other side once they finish evaluating functions of one side of a subject.

Placement Recommendations for Single Kinect-Based Motion Capture System in Unilateral Dynamic Motion Analysis.

 Stand-to-sit task is an important daily function, but there is a lack of research evidence on whether knee osteoarthritis (knee OA) affects the postural balance during the task. This study aimed to compare individuals with knee OA and asymptomatic controls in postural balance and identify kinematic and lower extremity muscle activity characteristics in individuals with knee OA during the stand-to-sit task.  In total, 30 individuals with knee OA and 30 age-matched asymptomatic controls performed the 30-s Chair Stand Test (30sCST) at self-selected speeds. Motion analysis data and surface electromyography (sEMG) were collected while participants performed the 30sCST. To quantify postural balance, the displacement of the center of mass (CoM) and the peak instantaneous velocity of the CoM were calculated. The kinematic data included forward lean angles of the trunk and pelvic, range of motion (RoM) of the hip, knee, and ankle joints in the sagittal plane. The averaged activation levels of gluteus maximus, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), and medial head of gastrocnemius muscles were indicated by the normalized root mean square amplitudes.  Compared with the asymptomatic control group, the knee OA group prolonged the duration of the stand-to-sit task, demonstrated significantly larger CoM displacement and peak instantaneous CoM velocity in the anterior-posterior direction, reduced ankle dorsiflexion RoM, greater anterior pelvic tilt RoM, and lower quadriceps femoris and muscles activation level coupled with higher BF muscle activation level during the stand-to-sit task.  This study indicates that individuals with knee OA adopt greater pelvic forward lean RoM and higher BF muscle activation level during the stand-to-sit task. However, these individuals exist greater CoM excursion in the anterior-posterior direction and take more time to complete the task. This daily functional activity should be added to the rehabilitation goals for individuals with knee OA. The knee OA group performs reduced ankle dorsiflexion RoM, quadriceps femoris, and TA activation deficit. In the future, the rehabilitation programs targeting these impairments could be beneficial for restoring the functional transfer in individuals with knee OA.

Postural Balance in Individuals With Knee Osteoarthritis During Stand-to-Sit Task.

Meat adulteration affects customers and the market. Existing meat authentication methods usually rely on special devices, and thus are limited to professional use only. Fake lamb or beef slices made from duck and fat appear in some Chinese hotpot restaurants. This study present a customer-conducted method for detecting such adulteration. The method takes a single image as input, and authenticates it by using the textural features of meat slices. The authentication is rapid and non-destructive. The only device required is a mobile phone with a camera. A lightweight (thus high-efficient) convolutional neural network architecture called MTx-Net was built for this task. Fourteen convolutional layers in four blocks were used for extracting valid visual features. Techniques like residuals, depth-wise convolution, dropout and batch normalization were employed in the neural network. For training and testing the neural network, 77956 meat images were collected using 225Kg of meats. This method achieves 99.38% and 98.20% accuracy on lamb and beef slice authentication, respectively.

Image based beef and lamb slice authentication using convolutional neural networks.

 Individuals with knee osteoarthritis are at higher risk for falls during transitions between floor and stair walking due to their reduced lower extremity function. However, the adjust gait characteristics of knee osteoarthritis subjects for dealing with stair transitions have not been explored. We aimed to investigate gait strategies in individuals with knee osteoarthritis compared to age-matched individuals without knee OA during the transition between walking on floor and stairs.  Gait of 30 individuals with knee osteoarthritis and 30 individuals without knee osteoarthritis during floor-to-stair and stair-to-floor walking transitions were accessed using a 3D motion capture system. Foot-tread clearance, and angles of lower extremity joints and trunk at Foot-tread clearance timepoint were analyzed by using biomechanical software (Visual 3D).  Compared with asymptomatic control group, the knee osteoarthritis group demonstrated no difference in vertical Foot-tread clearance and horizontal Foot-tread clearance during stair transitions. However, ankle dorsiflexion ( = 0.01) decreased, hip flexion ( = 0.02) and trunk lateral tilt ( = 0.02) increased in knee osteoarthritis group during the stair ascent transition. Moreover, trunk lateral tilt to the support side ( = 0.003) and pelvic rotation ( = 0.03) increased, while hip abduction of the swing leg ( = 0.03) decreased during the stair descent transition in individuals with knee osteoarthritis.  Increased trunk lateral tilt and altered angle of hip may be a strategy utilized by individuals with knee OA to increase the foot clearance ability and compensate for the disease-related loss of lower extremity strength, range of motion, and balance. However, compensatory manifestations, such as the increased lateral tilt of the trunk and movement of the gravity center may enhance the risk of falls and result in more abnormal knee joint loading.

Gait strategies for individuals with knee osteoarthritis when transitioning between floor and stair walking.

Spasticity is a complex neurological disorder, causing significant physical disabilities and affecting patients' independence and quality of daily lives. Current spasticity assessment methods are questioned for their non-standardized measurement protocols, limited reliabilities, and capabilities in distinguishing neuron or non-neuron factors in upper motor neuron lesion. A series of new approaches are developed for improving the effectiveness of current clinical used spasticity assessment methods with the developing technology in biosensors, robotics, medical imaging, biomechanics, telemedicine, and artificial intelligence. We investigated the reliabilities and effectiveness of current spasticity measures employed in clinical environments and the newly developed approaches, published from 2016 to date, which have the potential to be used in clinical environments. The new spasticity scales, taking advantage of quantified information such as torque, or echo intensity, the velocity-dependent feature and patients' self-reported information, grade spasticity semi-quantitatively, have competitive or better reliability than previous spasticity scales. Medical imaging technologies, including near-infrared spectroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound and thermography, can measure muscle hemodynamics and metabolism, muscle tissue properties, or temperature of tissue. Medical imaging-based methods are feasible to provide quantitative information in assessing and monitoring muscle spasticity. Portable devices, robotic based equipment or myotonometry, using information from angular, inertial, torque or surface EMG sensors, can quantify spasticity with the help of machine learning algorithms. However, spasticity measures using those devices are normally not physiological sound. Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation can assess patients with severe spasticity, which lost voluntary contractions. Neuromusculoskeletal modeling evaluates the neural and non-neural properties and may gain insights into the underlying pathology of spasticity muscles. Telemedicine technology enables outpatient spasticity assessment. The newly developed spasticity methods aim to standardize experimental protocols and outcome measures and enable quantified, accurate, and intelligent assessment. However, more work is needed to investigate and improve the effectiveness and accuracy of spasticity assessment.

Quantitative assessment of spasticity: a narrative review of novel approaches and technologies.

 With the global prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an increasing number of people are experiencing respiratory discomfort. Respiratory biomechanics can monitor breathing patterns and respiratory movements and it is easier to prevent, diagnose, treat or rehabilitate. However, there is still a lack of global knowledge structure in the field of respiratory biomechanics. With the help of CiteSpace software, we aim to help researchers identify potential collaborators and collaborating institutions, hotspots and research frontiers in respiratory biomechanics.  Articles on respiratory biomechanics from 2003 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection by using a specific strategy, resulting a total of 2,850 publications. We used CiteSpace 6.1.R6 to analyze the year of publication, journal/journals cited, country, institution, author/authors cited, references, keywords and research trends. Co-citation maps were created to visually observe research hot spots and knowledge structures.  The number of annual publications gradually increased over the past 20 years. Medical Physics published the most articles and had the most citations in this study. The United States was the most influential country, with the highest number and centrality of publications. The most productive and influential institution was Harvard University in the United States. Keall PJ was the most productive author and MCCLELLAND JR was the most cited authors The article by Keall PJ (2006) article (cocitation counts: 55) and the article by McClelland JR (2013) were the most representative and symbolic references, with the highest cocitation number and centrality, respectively. The top keywords were "radiotherapy", "volume", and "ventilation". The top Frontier keywords were "organ motion," "deep inspiration," and "deep learning". The keywords were clustered to form seven labels. Currently, the main area of research in respiratory biomechanics is respiratory motion related to imaging techniques. Future research may focus on respiratory assistance techniques and respiratory detection techniques. At the same time, in the future, we will pay attention to personalized medicine and precision medicine, so that people can monitor their health status anytime and anywhere.

Analysis of emerging trends and hot spots in respiratory biomechanics from 2003 to 2022 based on CiteSpace.

Inter-joint coordination is an important factor affecting postural stability, and its variability increases after fatigue. This study aimed to investigate the coordination pattern of lower limb joints during the sit-to-stand (Si-St) and stand-to-sit (St-Si) tasks in stroke patients and explore the influence of duration on inter-joint coordination.

Analysis of inter-joint coordination during the sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit tasks in stroke patients with hemiplegia.

This study aims to explore the dynamic balance of human beings and investigate the relationship between functional structure as well as functional connectivity. Through a comprehensive bibliometric and visual analysis of the research literature from 1995 to 2022, we quantitatively display the development of the dynamic balance and brain structure as well as functional connection. Our objective is to present new trends and frontiers in the study of dynamic balance and brain function through bibliometrics software, providing valuable insights for future research in this domain.

Bibliometric and visualized analysis of dynamic balance and brain function using web of science and CiteSpace from 1995 to 2022.

Physical activity contributes to both physiological and psychosocial benefits for children and adolescents with disabilities. However, the prevalence of physical inactivity is notably higher among disabled young people compared to their healthy peers. Despite this, there is a lack of constructed knowledge structure, evolutionary path, research hotspots, and frontiers in studies related to physical activity in young people with disabilities.

Exploring Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents with Disabilities: A Bibliometric Review of Current Status, Guidelines, Perceived Barriers, and Facilitators and Future Directions.

We investigated the characteristics of hip, knee, and ankle joint reaction forces (JRFs) in stroke patients with spastic hemiplegia during sit-to-stand (Si-St) and stand-to-sit (St-Si) movements and explored the relationship between JRFs and joint moments.

Lower limb joint reaction forces during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit movements in stroke patients with spastic hemiplegia.

Stroke patients with hemiplegia are at an increased risk of falling during sit-to-stand (Si-St) and stand-to-sit (St-Si) tasks, partly due to impaired bilateral lower limb symmetry. Maintaining symmetrical movement between the limbs in these tasks can help reduce fall incidence.

Bilateral lower limb symmetry during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit tasks in stroke patients with hemiplegia.

This study evaluates the efficacy of Tai Chi versus balance training on functional performance and postural control during sit and stand transitions in individuals with knee osteoarthritis.

Comparative efficacy of Tai Chi versus balance training on functional performance and postural control during sit and stand transitions in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized trial.

Gait variability in kinematic and kinetic parameters during stair walking is a key indicator of motor function and fall risk in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, normative reference data and pathological patterns in KOA remain under explored.

Article	Year
The Validity and Reliability of a Kinect v2-Based Gait Analysis System for Children with Cerebral Palsy. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)\| PubMed ID: 30959970	2019
Placement Recommendations for Single Kinect-Based Motion Capture System in Unilateral Dynamic Motion Analysis. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)\| PubMed ID: 34442213	2021
Postural Balance in Individuals With Knee Osteoarthritis During Stand-to-Sit Task. Frontiers in human neuroscience\| PubMed ID: 34803639	2021
Image based beef and lamb slice authentication using convolutional neural networks. Meat science\| PubMed ID: 36244076	2023
Gait strategies for individuals with knee osteoarthritis when transitioning between floor and stair walking. Frontiers in physiology\| PubMed ID: 36760532	2023
Quantitative assessment of spasticity: a narrative review of novel approaches and technologies. Frontiers in neurology\| PubMed ID: 37475737	2023
Analysis of emerging trends and hot spots in respiratory biomechanics from 2003 to 2022 based on CiteSpace. Frontiers in physiology\| PubMed ID: 37546534	2023
Analysis of inter-joint coordination during the sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit tasks in stroke patients with hemiplegia. BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation\| PubMed ID: 37587533	2023
Bibliometric and visualized analysis of dynamic balance and brain function using web of science and CiteSpace from 1995 to 2022. Heliyon\| PubMed ID: 38293478	2024
Exploring Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents with Disabilities: A Bibliometric Review of Current Status, Guidelines, Perceived Barriers, and Facilitators and Future Directions. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)\| PubMed ID: 38727491	2024
Lower limb joint reaction forces during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit movements in stroke patients with spastic hemiplegia. Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology\| PubMed ID: 39755073	2025
Bilateral lower limb symmetry during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit tasks in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Frontiers in neurology\| PubMed ID: 39944542	2025
Comparative efficacy of Tai Chi versus balance training on functional performance and postural control during sit and stand transitions in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized ... Journal of science and medicine in sport\| PubMed ID: 41111041	2025
Intrasubject Gait Variability During Stair Walking in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Kinematic and Kinetic Analysis. Applied bionics and biomechanics\| PubMed ID: 41322700	2025

Ye Ma

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