Gavaging Adult Zebrafish

The zebrafish has become an important in vivo model in biomedical research. Effective methods must be developed and utilized to deliver compounds or ...

Avulsion of the mandibular body and its reconstruction. Report of a case.

We evaluated the Du Pont Particle-Enhanced Turbidimetric Inhibition Immunoassay (PETINIA) for theophylline. The imprecision (CV) of the assay was less than 4.7% between-run and less than 3.6% within-run for theophylline concentrations between 5 and 30 mg/L. Standard curves for the assay were linear for theophylline concentrations from 0 to 46 mg/L and were stable throughout the study (i.e., for at least three months). The monoclonal antibody against theophylline used in this assay increases specificity; of the possibly interfering drugs, metabolites, and anticoagulants tested, only 1,3-dimethyluric acid and EDTA showed measurable effects. Bilirubin (less than 300 mg/L), hemoglobin (less than 6 g/L), or lipemia (triglycerides less than 6 g/L) does affect the quality of the assay. Analytical recovery of theophylline added to serum (5 to 40 mg/L) averaged 98% (range 93% to 112%). Comparison of results for patients' sera by the PETINIA method with those by enzyme immunoassay (EMIT) and by "high-performance" liquid chromatography yielded slopes and intercepts not significantly different from 1.0 and 0.0, respectively, and correlation coefficients ranging from 0.986 to 0.995.

Particle-enhanced turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay for theophylline evaluated with the Du Pont aca.

Otitis externa and facial cellulitis from Oriental ear cleaners.

A physical map has been constructed of the human genome containing 15,086 sequence-tagged sites (STSs), with an average spacing of 199 kilobases. The project involved assembly of a radiation hybrid map of the human genome containing 6193 loci and incorporated a genetic linkage map of the human genome containing 5264 loci. This information was combined with the results of STS-content screening of 10,850 loci against a yeast artificial chromosome library to produce an integrated map, anchored by the radiation hybrid and genetic maps. The map provides radiation hybrid coverage of 99 percent and physical coverage of 94 percent of the human genome. The map also represents an early step in an international project to generate a transcript map of the human genome, with more than 3235 expressed sequences localized. The STSs in the map provide a scaffold for initiating large-scale sequencing of the human genome.

An STS-based map of the human genome.

Hospital internal medicine and family practice care were redesigned in July 1995 at Kaiser Permanente of Colorado. The objectives were to provide for a full time dedicated inpatient team, improve continuity of care, and establish a two-tiered process of admission. Physicians were divided into four tracks that marked varying degrees of time in the hospital. A position of triage physician was created that screened all potential admissions to internal medicine. Hospital inpatient days per thousand members, unadjusted lengths of stay, patient readmission rates, and satisfaction questionnaires were obtained both before and after the change. The change achieved significant reductions in unadjusted average lengths of stay and days per thousand without diminishing quality of care, as reflected by hospital readmission rates and by patient satisfaction surveys.

Redesign of a hospital's internal medicine service.

A physical map of the mouse genome is an essential tool for both positional cloning and genomic sequencing in this key model system for biomedical research. Indeed, the construction of a mouse physical map with markers spaced at an average interval of 300 kb is one of the stated goals of the Human Genome Project. Here we report the results of a project at the Whitehead Institute/MIT Center for Genome Research to construct such a physical map of the mouse. We built the map by screening sequenced-tagged sites (STSs) against a large-insert yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) library and then integrating the STS-content information with a dense genetic map. The integrated map shows the location of 9,787 loci, providing landmarks with an average spacing of approximately 300 kb and affording YAC coverage of approximately 92% of the mouse genome. We also report the results of a project at the MRC UK Mouse Genome Centre targeted at chromosome X. The project produced a YAC-based map containing 619 loci (with 121 loci in common with the Whitehead map and 498 additional loci), providing especially dense coverage of this sex chromosome. The YAC-based physical map directly facilitates positional cloning of mouse mutations by providing ready access to most of the genome. More generally, use of this map in addition to a newly constructed radiation hybrid (RH) map provides a comprehensive framework for mouse genomic studies.

A YAC-based physical map of the mouse genome.

Short shrift for Africa.

Late repair of cleft lips with reconstruction of the bone base: report of two cases.

Here we report a high-quality draft genome sequence of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris), together with a dense map of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across breeds. The dog is of particular interest because it provides important evolutionary information and because existing breeds show great phenotypic diversity for morphological, physiological and behavioural traits. We use sequence comparison with the primate and rodent lineages to shed light on the structure and evolution of genomes and genes. Notably, the majority of the most highly conserved non-coding sequences in mammalian genomes are clustered near a small subset of genes with important roles in development. Analysis of SNPs reveals long-range haplotypes across the entire dog genome, and defines the nature of genetic diversity within and across breeds. The current SNP map now makes it possible for genome-wide association studies to identify genes responsible for diseases and traits, with important consequences for human and companion animal health.

Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog.

Hier berichten wir eine qualitativ hochwertige Entwurf-Genom-Sequenz des Haushundes (Canis Familiaris), zusammen mit einer dichten Karte von Einzel-Nukleotid-Polymorphismen (SNPs) &uuml;ber Rassen. Der Hund ist von besonderem Interesse, da es wichtige evolution&auml;re Informationen bereitstellt und vorhandene Rassen gro&szlig;e ph&auml;notypische Vielfalt f&uuml;r Verhaltensst&ouml;rungen, morphologische und physiologische Merkmale zeigen. Wir verwenden Sequenz-Vergleich mit dem Primas und Nagetier-&Uuml;bertragungslinien, um Aufschluss &uuml;ber die Struktur und Entwicklung der Genome und Gene. Insbesondere sind die Mehrheit der meisten stark konservierten nicht-kodierenden Sequenzen in S&auml;ugetier-Genome gruppiert, in der N&auml;he eine kleine Teilmenge der Gene mit wichtigen Rollen in der Entwicklung. Analyse von SNPs Langstrecke Haplotypen &uuml;ber den gesamten Hund-Genoms offenbart, und definiert die Art der genetischen Vielfalt innerhalb und zwischen den Rassen. Die aktuelle SNP-Karte ist es jetzt m&ouml;glich f&uuml;r Genome-Wide Association Studies f&uuml;r Krankheiten und Z&uuml;ge, mit Konsequenzen f&uuml;r Mensch und Begleiter Tiergesundheit verantwortlichen Gene zu identifizieren.

Genom-Sequenz, vergleichende Analyse und Haplotype Struktur des inl&auml;ndischen Hundes.

Comparative analysis of multiple genomes in a phylogenetic framework dramatically improves the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference, producing more robust results than single-genome analyses can provide. The genomes of 12 Drosophila species, ten of which are presented here for the first time (sechellia, simulans, yakuba, erecta, ananassae, persimilis, willistoni, mojavensis, virilis and grimshawi), illustrate how rates and patterns of sequence divergence across taxa can illuminate evolutionary processes on a genomic scale. These genome sequences augment the formidable genetic tools that have made Drosophila melanogaster a pre-eminent model for animal genetics, and will further catalyse fundamental research on mechanisms of development, cell biology, genetics, disease, neurobiology, behaviour, physiology and evolution. Despite remarkable similarities among these Drosophila species, we identified many putatively non-neutral changes in protein-coding genes, non-coding RNA genes, and cis-regulatory regions. These may prove to underlie differences in the ecology and behaviour of these diverse species.

Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny.

Vergleichende Analyse mehrerer Genome in einem phylogenetischen Rahmen dramatisch verbessert die Genauigkeit und Empfindlichkeit des evolution&auml;ren Inferenz, bieten stabilere Ergebnisse als Einzel-Genom-Analysen. Die Genome von 12 Drosophila-Arten, von die zehn hier zum ersten Mal (Sechellia, Simulans, Yakuba, Studentenblume, Ananassae, Persimilis, Willistoni, Mojavensis, Virilis und Grimshawi) vorgestellt werden, illustrieren, wie Preise und Muster der Sequenz Divergenz &uuml;ber Taxa Evolutionsprozesse auf genomischer Ebene beleuchten k&ouml;nnen. Diese Genomsequenzen erg&auml;nzen die gewaltige genetische Werkzeuge, die Drosophila Melanogaster eine herausragende Modell f&uuml;r Tiergenetik und wird weitere Grundlagenforschung auf Mechanismen der Entwicklung, katalysieren Zelle Biologie, Genetik, Krankheit, Neurobiologie, Verhalten, Physiologie und Entwicklung gemacht haben. Trotz der bemerkenswerten &Auml;hnlichkeiten zwischen dieser Drosophila-Arten haben wir viele vermeintlich nicht neutrale &Auml;nderungen im Protein-kodierenden Gene, non-coding RNA-Gene und Cis-regulatorischen Regionen identifiziert. Diese k&ouml;nnen wohl Unterschiede in der Lebensweise dieser unterschiedlichen Arten zugrunde liegen.

Entwicklung der Gene und der Genome auf die Phylogenie der Taufliege.

Implementing a full-featured EHR at a community health center is a daunting undertaking. Stakeholder buy-in, contract negotiation, workflow redesign, equipment purchases, preloading charts and trainings are just some of the necessary tasks in managing an implementation. METCHIT, a health center controlled network, used a collaborative approach to implement electronic medical records. This article will cover the experience, benefits and lessons learned by a group of four FQHCs that took a cooperative, mentorship approach to implementation. Since 2005, the four community health centers, Charles B. Wang Community Health Center, Morris Heights Health Center, Settlement Health, and Comprehensive Community Development Corporation, have implemented EHRs at four organizations with multiple sites in diverse neighborhoods in New York City. The collaboration began and grew during this period, aided by a technology grant from HRSA.

A health center controlled network's experience in ambulatory care EHR implementation.

Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years in Kenya. Within the context of planning for a vaccine to be used alongside existing malaria control methods, this study explores sociocultural and health communications issues among individuals who are responsible for or influence decisions on childhood vaccination at the community level.

Community perceptions of malaria and vaccines in the South Coast and Busia regions of Kenya.

Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Kenya. To confront malaria, the Government of Kenya has been implementing and coordinating three approaches - vector control by distributing insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying, case management, and the management of malaria during pregnancy. Immunization is recognized as one of the most cost-effective public health interventions. Efforts are underway to develop a malaria vaccine. The most advanced (RTS,S), is currently going through phase 3 trials. Although recent studies show the overwhelming support in the community for the introduction of a malaria vaccine, two issues - culture and the delivery of child immunization services - need to be considered. Alongside the modern methods of malaria control described above, traditional methods coexist and act as barriers to attainment of universal immunization. The gender dimension of the immunization programme (where women are the main child caretakers) will also need to be addressed. There is an age dimension to child immunization programmes. Two age cohorts of parents, caregivers, or family members deserve particular attention. These are the youth who are about to initiate childbearing, and the elderly (particularly mother-in-laws who often play a role in child-rearing). Mothers who are less privileged and socially disadvantaged need particular attention when it comes to child immunization. Access to immunization services is often characterized in some Kenyan rural communities in terms of living near the main road, or in the remote inaccessible areas. Should a malaria vaccine become available in the future, a strategy to integrate it into the immunization programme in Kenya should take into account at least two issues. First, it must address the fact that alongside the formal approach in malaria control, there exist the informal traditional practices among communities. Secondly, it must address particular issues in the delivery of immunization services.

Perceptions of malaria and vaccines in Kenya.

Malaria is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in Mozambique, with nearly three-quarters of the country's malaria-related deaths occurring in children younger than five years. A malaria vaccine is not yet available, but planning is underway for a possible introduction, as soon as one becomes available. In an effort to inform the planning process, this study explored sociocultural and health communications issues among individuals at the community level who are both responsible for decisions about vaccine use and who are likely to influence decisions about vaccine use.

Article	Year
Avulsion of the mandibular body and its reconstruction. Report of a case. Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology\| PubMed ID: 4961174	1967
Particle-enhanced turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay for theophylline evaluated with the Du Pont aca. Clinical chemistry\| PubMed ID: 6386231	1984
Otitis externa and facial cellulitis from Oriental ear cleaners. The Western journal of medicine\| PubMed ID: 8342282	1993
An STS-based map of the human genome. Science (New York, N.Y.)\| PubMed ID: 8533086	1995
Redesign of a hospital's internal medicine service. Journal for healthcare quality : official publication of the National Association for Healthcare Quality\| PubMed ID: 10174390	1997
A YAC-based physical map of the mouse genome. Nature genetics\| PubMed ID: 10431246	1999
Short shrift for Africa. Africa report\| PubMed ID: 12291431	1994
Late repair of cleft lips with reconstruction of the bone base: report of two cases. Journal of oral surgery, anesthesia, and hospital dental service\| PubMed ID: 14461240	1962
Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog. Nature\| PubMed ID: 16341006	2005
Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny. Nature\| PubMed ID: 17994087	2007
A health center controlled network's experience in ambulatory care EHR implementation. Journal of healthcare information management : JHIM\| PubMed ID: 20397331	2010
Community perceptions of malaria and vaccines in the South Coast and Busia regions of Kenya. Malaria journal\| PubMed ID: 21624117	2011
Perceptions of malaria and vaccines in Kenya. Human vaccines\| PubMed ID: 21941095	2011
Community perceptions of malaria and vaccines in two districts of Mozambique. Malaria journal\| PubMed ID: 23186030	2012

Chereen Collymore

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